Copies and restoration

Twentieth-century classical archaeologists tended to take a purist approach. Just as Thorvaldsen's restorations have been removed from the marbles in Munich. Sir John Beazley routinely removed post-antique restorations from the plaster casts in Oxford. He amputated the 16th century arm of Apollo Belvedere and bisected the restored hind of Artemis of Versailles.

Photo of cast of Apollo Belvedere
  • Cast of Apollo Belvedere in Oxford
Photo of cast of Artemis of Versailles
  • Cast of Artemis of Versailles in Oxford

Oxford acquired both casts in the 1820s, at the same time as the Borghese Warrior. They were given to decorate the interior of James Gibbs's Radcliffe Library which opened in 1749 (below left). In this early 19th century engraving (below right) the casts can be seen in the rotunda: Apollo has his restored left arm and Artemis has her hind. To art historians these restorations are important. Apollo's had been carried out in the 1530s, Artemis's in 1605. To most classical archaeologists restorations, even by famous sculptors, are a corruption of the original.

Photo of Radcliffe Library
  • Radcliffe Library
Photo of engraving of interior of Radcliffe Library
  • Interior of the Radcliffe Library

Post-antique restorations that were recorded, such as Barthélemy Prieur's of Artemis for the outdoor fountain at Fontainebleau, have often been removed in academic cast collections. But many restorations were not recorded; forgotten, they have usually been retained. Michelangelo, for example, has been credited, probably wrongly, with the restoration of the head and arms of the Dancing Faun, one of the most famous statues in the Tribuna of the Uffizi, seen here below in Zoffany's famous painting. Regularly paired with Venus de'Medici, whose arms were also restored in the 17th century, the two usually retain their post-antique restorations.

Photo of  Zoffany's famous painting
  • The Tribuna of the Uffizi by Zoffany

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